ABSTRACT
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV CoV-2) pathogen and protein biomarkers can improve the diagnosis accuracy for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Electrochemical biosensors have attracted extensive attention in the scientific community because of their simple design, fast response, good portability, high sensitivity and high selectivity. In this review, we summarized the progress in the electrochemical detection of COVID-19 pathogen and SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers, including SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid protein and their antibodies.
ABSTRACT
Trombe wall is a simple and mature passive solar building design while its utilization of solar energy is limited to space heating. Aerosol transmission, as a potential transmission pathway of COVID-19, poses a serious threat to the public health especially in a closed indoor environment. The thermal disinfection of virus, which can be easily integrated into solar systems, seems to be a suitable method for controlling bioaerosols. Therefore, a novel disinfected Trombe wall for virus inactivation and space heating is proposed, providing a potential way to fight the current COVID-19 pandemic. After the proposal of the concept, its performance on space heating and virus inactivation was investigated through experimental and simulation methods. The main results were as follows: (1) The average thermal efficiency was 0.457 and the average indoor temperature was 20.7 â, 1.9 â higher than the ambient temperature. (2) The maximum single-pass inactivation ratio was 0.893, 0.591 and 0.893 while the total production of clean air was 112.3, 63.8 and 114.7 m3 for SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, respectively. (3) The increase of ambient temperature or solar irradiance may enhance the thermal efficiency while the former has little effect on the thermal disinfection process. (4) Extending the height or narrowing the thickness of the duct by 40% may contribute to an increase in total production of clean air by 510 m3 or 681 m3 per unit area during the heating seasons, but the later may cause a larger decrease (about 8%) in the heat gain of indoor air.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Trombe wall is a widely used solar passive system, while up to now, the utilization on recovered heat is single and inefficient. Meanwhile, the indoor released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the bioaerosols formed by bacteria or virus from air-conditioning system and other pollution sources flow into the indoor environment to cause human diseases. Therefore, a novel purification-cleaning Trombe wall based on the thermal sterilization and thermal catalytic principles was proposed, and the performances of space heating, formaldehyde degradation and thermal sterilization were investigated. Main results obtain follow: (1) The average daily air thermal efficiency was 0.46. (2) For formaldehyde inlet concentration of 600 ppb, the average formaldehyde single-pass ratio and total generated volume of clean air are 0.35 and 46.69 m3/(m2·day), respectively. (3) Five kinds of bacteria (E.coli, L.monocytogenes, L.plantarum, S.Senftenberg and S.cerevisiae) are fully thermal inactivated for several hours, the total generated volume of clean air are 94.01, 86.51, 100.70, 94.95, and 100.10 m3/(m2·day), respectively. (4) The purification-cleaning Trombe wall performs the excellent energy saving and purification performances in heating seasons. (5) The works could provide possible supports to the prevention and control of COVID-19.